ELECTRONICS | hybrid parameters

What is hybrid parameter? Hybrid parameters (also known as h parameters) are known as ‘hybrid’ parameters as they use Z parameters, Y parameters, voltage ratio, and current ratios to represent the relationship between voltage and current in a two port network. Hybrid parameter or h parameter – Every linear two port circuit having input and output … Read more

ELECTRONICS | Transistor Biasing

Transistor Biasing   Transistor biasing Biasing of a transistor means the establishment of the Q- point by connecting the transistor to external voltage sources via appropriate circuit. Factors for which the Q- point may shift- Q-point of a transistor may shift due to the following factors : i) due to change in temperature ii) due … Read more

ELECTRONICS | Rectifiers and Filters

Rectifiers and Filters Rectifier A rectifier is a device which converts  alternating current (AC) to direct or unidirectional current (DC) Half wave rectifier It consists of a transformer, the primary of which is fed by signal voltage. The end A of the secondary is connected to the p type while the end B is connected … Read more

ELECTRONICS | Variation of potential barrier | Shockley equation | Light Emitting Diode | Photodiode |Zener Diode

Variation of potential barrier Potential barrier graph Current voltage relationship of a p-n junction diode Shockley equation Let Pno is the concentration of holes in n-region. With the application of a forward bias v. The height of the potential barrier (Vb) across the junction es reduced to Vb – V . According to Boltzmann statistics, … Read more